Another method of creating typographic variety and adding emphasis is adjusting letter- and line-spacing. By increasing the space between letters, which is called kerning, lines of text can be lightened. When kerning is decreased, on the other hand, text generally appears heavier.

Notice, for example, the effect of letter-spacing on the type in Fig. 4.

Line-spacing has the same affect on type as kerning. Generous line-spacing makes text seem lighter, while tight line-spacing makes it heavier.